Perspective in drawing

This lesson focuses on the basics of perspective in drawing. I will show you step by step how to build an object in perspective. Step by step, and not as usual, they show a finished drawing with lines, and then you sit and think how it is and what. Linear perspective in drawing is the vision of an object with our eyes, i.e. we all know what a railway looks like (picture below), rails and sleepers are located at the same distance from each other,

but when we stand in the middle of the iron track, the human eye sees a different picture, in the distance the rails converge. This is how we should draw perspective in a drawing.

Here is our graphic. The point where the rails converge is directly in front of us, this point is called the vanishing point. The vanishing point is on the horizon line, the horizon line is the level of our eyes. If our eyes were exactly where the sleeper is, we would see only one side of the sleeper and that's it.

This is perspective building using one point and one side of the object is directly in front of us. So we can depict different shapes. In the first case, we see a rectangle without distortion, in the second - a square. We draw the length of the object itself by eye from our own observations along the line of rays. In the first case, there may be a book or other object, in the second - a rectangular parallelepiped (rectangle in volume). To find the invisible side, you need to draw the rays from the vanishing point to the lower corners of the square, then lower the straight lines from the far corners down and connect the intersection points with a straight line. And the lower faces will go along the drawn rays.

To draw a cylinder in perspective, you first need to find the middle of the base, for this we draw straight lines from corner to corner and build a circle. Connect with lines and erase the invisible part.

So, the figure below shows objects directed by one side directly towards us, i.e. without distortion. We show the top image when we look up, in the middle - straight and the last (at the very bottom) - the look falls down. Remember that the distorted sides that go strictly along the rays are determined by eye.

For example, this is how we can depict houses or other objects that are on the side.

It was we who considered the construction of perspective in the drawing, when one side is not distorted, but what should we do if the object stands under the edge at different angles to us. For this, a perspective construction with two vanishing points is used.

Look, a square is a perspective without distortion, but the third example shows the option of placing it with an edge strictly in the middle. We arbitrarily determine the height of the square, measure the same segments away, these will be the vanishing points A and B. From these points we draw straight lines to the end of our line. Look, the angle should form obtuse, i.e. greater than 90 degrees, if it is 90 or less, then remove further than the vanishing point. The width of the distorted sides is determined by eye through observation and figurative perception.

Here are some more examples where, for example, the building is from a different angle. This is what we considered the perspective in the figure, if we look straight ahead.

And if we look a little down, then we will have a slightly different picture. We must set the height of the square and the vanishing points A and B, they will be at the same distance from the object for me. We draw rays from these points to the top and bottom of the line. Again, we determine the width of the distorted sides by eye and they go along the beam. To complete the cube, we need to draw additional lines from the vanishing points to the top left and right corners of the cube. Then select the figure that was formed in the course, this will be the top of the cube.

Now see how to draw a rectangle in volume from a different angle. The principle of construction is the same.

Perspective in a drawing when looking up at an object. The principle of drawing is identical to that described earlier.

More perspective lessons in drawing:

1. Railway with a train

2. Room

3. City

4. Table

5. Continuation of the basics lesson